Back to blog
Data
April 30, 2026
6 min read

Which NYC Buildings Have the Most Violations? A Data-Driven Analysis

We analyzed violation records across 50,000+ NYC buildings using public city data from DOB, HPD, FDNY, ECB, and 311. Here is where violation density is highest and which building types need the most service work.

Our Methodology

BuildRadar's violation risk score (0-100) is a composite of signals drawn from multiple NYC public data sources:

DOB violations (Class 1, 2, 3)DOB BIS
HPD complaints and violationsHPD Online
FDNY fire code violationsFDNY Inspections
ECB monetary penaltiesOATH/ECB
311 service complaints311 Open Data
Building age and condition signalsPLUTO / DOB

Buildings scoring 80-100 are classified as CRITICAL, 60-79 as HIGH, 40-59 as MODERATE, and below 40 as LOW risk. Higher scores indicate more open violations, higher severity, and greater service demand.

Violations by Borough

The Bronx and Upper Manhattan have the highest violation density relative to building count. Brooklyn leads in total volume due to sheer building stock. Manhattan has the most ECB penalty dollars outstanding.

BoroughBuildingsCritical/High %Top Violation Type
Manhattan14,200+41%DOB / ECB
Brooklyn12,800+37%HPD / Mold
Bronx8,400+46%HPD / Water
Queens9,600+29%DOB / FDNY
Staten Island3,200+22%DOB

The Bronx is the standout opportunity for service contractors. The highest Critical/High percentage of any borough, with strong concentrations in neighborhoods like Morrisania, Highbridge, and the South Bronx. HPD mold and water violations dominate, creating steady demand for remediation contractors.

Highest-Violation Building Types

Not all buildings accumulate violations at the same rate. These building types consistently show the highest violation density:

Pre-war multifamily (built before 1950)

Critical

Aging plumbing, deteriorating facades, lead paint in pre-1978 units, and original boiler systems. These buildings lead in HPD mold, water, and lead violations. Concentrated in the Bronx, Upper Manhattan, and central Brooklyn. Average violation score: 76.

Large residential towers (100+ units)

High

High tenant density means more complaints. Common issues include HVAC system failures, water infiltration across multiple floors, mold in basement and ground-level units, and fire code violations in common areas. Average violation score: 68.

Mixed-use commercial/residential

High

Ground-floor commercial with residential above creates overlapping violation exposure. Restaurant exhaust and grease trap issues, shared HVAC systems, and fire code requirements for commercial use drive a mix of DOB, FDNY, and HPD violations. Average violation score: 63.

Older commercial buildings (pre-1970)

Moderate

Asbestos in insulation and floor tiles, outdated fire suppression systems, and deferred maintenance on HVAC and ductwork. DOB and FDNY violations are most common. Average violation score: 54.

Violation Categories by Volume

Based on our analysis of recent NYC violation data, here is how complaints and violations break down by category:

HPD - Mold and moisture28%
HPD - Water leaks and plumbing22%
DOB - Building maintenance and safety19%
HPD - Heat and hot water13%
FDNY - Fire code and suppression10%
HPD - Lead paint5%
Other (ECB, DEP, pests, etc.)3%

Mold, moisture, and water damage account for half of all building violations. This is why mold remediation and water mitigation contractors have the broadest addressable market on BuildRadar.

Where the Opportunities Are

For contractors looking to grow their service business using violation data, the analysis points to three high-value strategies:

1. Target the Bronx and central Brooklyn

Highest violation density with less competition from established service providers. Pre-war multifamily stock with chronic mold, water, and lead issues. Building owners in these areas are accustomed to receiving violation notices and are actively seeking contractors.

2. Focus on buildings with stacked violations

A building with HPD mold violations AND water damage complaints AND DOB maintenance issues likely needs multiple services. Cross-selling mold remediation with water mitigation and duct cleaning dramatically increases contract value per building.

3. Lead with the violation, not a sales pitch

When you contact a building owner and reference their specific open violation by number, you instantly establish credibility. You are not cold-calling - you are showing up with a solution to a documented problem that carries financial penalties.

Find High-Violation Buildings in Your Territory

BuildRadar scores every building in your ZIP code by violation risk across DOB, HPD, FDNY, and ECB. See which ones need your services most urgently - before your competitors do.

Scan a ZIP Code Free

Claim your territory

Scan Your Territory Free